中国老百姓的钱都花在了哪里。上周课外培训行业受到政策的强力打压。根据券商的测算:如果从小学1年级到高中3年级全部课外培训都不让在周末和寒暑假开展的话,则上市的K12培训机构46-80%的收入就没有了。年初以来,培训类上市公司的股价最大跌幅达到97%,基本上反映了政策的严厉程度。投资人会很疑惑: 明明年初还是朝阳产业,怎么到了年中就成了夕阳产业了?其实产业还是在的,但是过度商业化之后就变成了让老百姓不能幸福的行业了。教育、医疗和房地产行业被称作中国老百姓的“新三座大山”,主要是因为这些支出占老百姓支出的比例过高。根据中国统计局,我国城镇居民家庭个人消费支出中,医疗支出占比从1993年的2.7%上涨到2019年的8.1%,26年间占比上涨了3倍。住房支出占个人支出比例从1993年的6.6%上涨到24.2%,26年间占比上涨了3.7倍。教育支出没有单独的统计数据。从个人感受看,这个支出也是刚性的。虽然我国人均GDP达到1.1万美金,但是城镇居民花在食品上的支出仍占个人全部支出的27.6%。加上住房支出,吃和住合计占个人支出比例达到51.8%,再加上医疗支出和消费支出,估计中国老百姓大概80%的钱花在了维持基本的生活和发展需求上。而美国个人在食品和住宿上的支出占全部个人支出的比例仅为5.75%,医疗支出为16.4%,在教育上的支出没有单独的统计数据,即使教育支出跟医疗支出占比相当,也比中国老百姓在吃、住、医疗和教育上的支出占比低很多。
外资并未从香港大规模撤出。随着中国政府对互联网平台和教育行业的整治,港股的科技股以及教育股大幅下跌。港股也从6月底至今表现疲弱,但从港币对美元汇率来看,外资并没有明显的撤出。2020年4月到2021年2月,港币对美元汇率多次处在强方兑换区间,港府不得不入市买入美元,卖出港币。从2021年2月底,港币对美元汇率开始走软,到2021年4月达到7.785高点之后港币开始重新走强。近期中美围绕香港不断有针对性的制裁出台。但美方又积极寻求同中方开展对话,本周中美将在天津举行高层对话。中美关系对香港股市有较大影响。2019年和2020年港股市场表现疲弱,跟中美关系恶化有很大关系。当前港股经过连续调整,很多板块和个股估值都回落到很有吸引力的区间,具备投资价值。
Chinese consumers’ burden is heavy. The policy that targets after-school training was a big hit to those listed training companies in both HK and Nasdaq. Some investors are bewildered as to why the training sector, which was a promising sector at the beginning of 2021, turned into a sunset sector in just a couple of months. The so-called “new three mountains” for Chinese consumers are housing, medi-care and education. According to China Statistic Bureau, spending on medicine and healthcare comprised 2.7% of personal consumption expenditure (PCE) in 1993 and 8.1% in 2019. The ratio increased by 2 times in 26 years. Similarly, housing comprised 6.6% of PCE in 1993 and 24.2% in 2019. Although per capita GDP is above US$ 11000 in 2020, Chinese consumers still spent 27.6% of PCE on food. The food and housing combined together took 51.8% of PCE. There is no specific data about education and training. But from personal experience expenditure on this should not be low. If we assume education and training expenditure takes 10% of PCE, Chinese consumers spend about 80% of PCE on basic living and development needs. In comparison,the US consumers only spend 5.75% on food and housing and 16.5% on healthcare.Even if education expenditure is as high as healthcare, the US consumers would spend close to 40% on basic living and development needs, which is much less than Chinese consumers. Hence,it is understandable that policy target the "new three mountains".
There is no large international money exiting from HK. From April 2020 toearly Feb. 2021 HK to US dollar exchange rate hit strong exchange side. HK Monetary Authority had to sell HK dollar and buy the US dollar during this period. But from the end of Feb. 2021 to April 2021, the HK dollar depreciated against the US dollar. After it reached HK$ 7.785, the lowest point in two months, it began to appreciate again. Recently the Sino-US tensions rose around HK. HK market performed poorly in 2019 and 2020 when Sino-US relationship went low. Yet this situation might not last long as China and US will hold talks this week.
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