壹 美股的长牛
二战后美股有三次牛市,分别从1949年到1956年、1990年到2000年以及2009年到2020年。这三次牛市标普500分别上涨了3.82、5.87和5.09倍。2009年到2020年的牛市结束于2020年2月14日,当天标普500触及此轮牛市最高点3393点。2009年到2020年的牛市是三次牛市中持续时间最长的,指数上涨的幅度也与1990年到2000年相当。
贰 长牛由业绩支撑
我们研究发现,2009年到2020年的牛市上涨业绩驱动占比90%左右,估值提升仅占不到10%。以美国五大科技公司脸书、微软、谷歌、奈飞和苹果为例,他们的静态市盈率从2009年到2020年2月基本都在20-30倍之间。
叁 经济结构决定了长牛
美股不像A股那样受到制造业库存周期的较大影响。这主要是因为制造业占美国经济的比重在12%左右,因此对经济的影响作用有限。消费服务占美国经济的比重在80%左右。但是,如果以供应管理协会非制造业采购经理人指数来衡量,该指数从2009年到2020年除了2009年和2020年都处在荣枯线50以上,除了2020年4月因为新冠疫情短暂地下探到了41.8的水平。前一个低点是2008年11月,因全球金融危机影响,非制造业采购经理人指数达到了37.6。一般而言,制造业库存周期的低点对应美股的相对低点,美股在调整达到相对低点之后就重拾升势。
肆 A股将会逐渐摆脱美股影响
美国制造业库存周期的低点往往对应其他国家和地区股市的绝对低点。我们在2021年A股投资展望中分析过,美国作为全球经济增长的火车头,对全球经济的引领作用十分明显。美国经济出问题,对其他国家的影响也非常大。特别是对A股而言,美国库存周期下行期往往对应A股的下行期。但是,这种情况未来将会有所变化。首先,我国的内循环战略意味着对出口的依赖程度将会降低。其次,随着中国企业在产业链上地位的提升,我国企业赚取超额利润的能力在增强,这也意味着抵御全球经济下行压力的能力也在增强。
伍 美联储此次缩减债券的影响将不如2013年大
上周五美联储主席鲍威尔支出美联储将在年底之前实施缩减债券购买计划。此次美联储缩减债券购买对发展中市场的股市影响将会小于2013年。一方面,发展中市场今年的经济基本面好于2013年,另一方面,美联储通过不断地延迟退出宽松政策的脚步,使得市场消化了大部分冲击。而2013年的缩减恐慌一定程度上是美联储与市场沟通不够造成的。
I. The long-bulls of the US stocks
There are three long bulls for the US stocks after the World War II, which lasted from 1949 to 1956, 1990 to 2000 and 2009 to 2020. SP 500 rose 3.72, 5.83 and 5.09 for these three bulls respectively. The bull market from 2009 to 2020 is the longest bull in the history. We found that earnings growth drove 90%+ of the bull while the remaining 10% came from valuation improvement. FAANG stocks,which include Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix and Google, have been valued at trailing-twelve-month price-to-earnings ratio of 20-30x most of the time during the bull market from 2009 to 2020.
II.Economic structure supports the bull market
The US stock market are not affected by inventory cycle as much as China’s A-share market. This is because that manufacturing only takes 12% of the US GDP compared with China’s more than 30%.The low point of inventory cycle coincides with the relatively low point of the US stock market, which then picks up steam and go up again. Consumption and service take 80% of the US economy. From 2009 and 2020 non-manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index of Institute of Supply Management, which gauges the situation of consumption and service sector, remained above the threshold of 50 most of the time. This index touched low point of 37.6 and 41.8 respectively in Nov. 2008 due to the global financial crises and April 2020 due to COVID-19 crises. The prosperity of consumption and service sector supports the long-bull of the US stock market.
III. The US economy leads the world economy
The low point of inventory cycle in the US usually means the low point of the global stocks due to that the US economy is the engine of the global economy. We have discussed this in "The outlook of A-share in 2021”(2021年A股投资展望)in details.
IV. A-share would not be affected by the US economy greatly
A-share used to be affected by the US inventory cycle badly as China’s economy relied on export to a great extent. However, going forward we expect the impact to become smaller and smaller. The first is that China has changed its economic development towards domestic circulation, meaning that it would not rely on export as much as it used to be. The second is that Chinese companies have moved up along the value chain, meaning that they would not be hit as hard as previously when the US economy runs into trouble.
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