壹 看得见的手
小艾尔弗雷德·钱德勒在其著名的《看得见的手》中指出:管理协调这只“看得见的手”,相比市场协调这只“看不见的手”而言,能够带来巨大的生产力和丰厚的利润,能够提高资本的竞争力,管理的变革会引发生产和消费的显著提高。这也就是钱德勒所谓的“企业的管理革命”。
贰 技术促进企业管理演变
钱德勒认为斯普林菲尔德兵工厂是19世纪30年代具有现代工厂管理形式的少数企业。该兵工厂通过周密的检查和会计核算保证其内部100多个专业工种可以高效生产枪支。现代工厂管理并不是现代企业管理。真正的现代企业管理是伴随着铁路和电报的出现而出现的。这些行业大量雇佣专职经理人员来协调、管理和评估分散在各地的营业单位的工作。这种伴随科技进步而提升的组织能力又进一步促进了财富的创造。
叁 高科技行业中的企业管理
钱德勒在高技术行业的研究中,钱德勒将“组织能力”概念进一步深化,强调基于三种知识类型—技术、功能和管理的组织能力。在钱德勒的语境中,现代企业的成功越来越多地依靠以技术和功能为基础的“综合学习能力”,这并非说管理变得不再重要,而是在分部制管理结构和经理人地位确立后,管理不再是企业进行竞争的一个主要变量。在钱德勒看来,当代高科技企业的发展在于综合学习能力的获得和维持。获得了综合学习能力,企业就能在市场竞争中获胜,否则就会被淘汰。
肆 元宇宙和企业管理
最近火爆的元宇宙其实在一定意义上也是现代企业管理制度伴随科技进步而做出的演变,以虚实融合的方式改变现有社会的组织与运作。虽然每次科技进步所带来的改变都不能准确遇见,但是未来公司的组织方式将会超越空间的限制是元宇宙能够带来的确定的变化。这种变化会对公司运作产生那些深刻的影响呢?脸书和微软等全球互联网龙头以及英伟达等高科技企业在元宇宙方面的努力推进也许会让我们更早地看到结果。
伍 股市上涨
A股和港股均上涨,但量能并未有效放大。A股食品、调味料等消费品板块涨幅领先,受到产品调价的消息的刺激。英格兰银行维持利率在低水平,欧洲股市上涨。美股连续第六个交易日上涨。欧佩克决议保持当前原油产出水平,油价上涨。
I. The visible hand
Alfred Chandler pointed out in his famous book --“The visible hand” that enterprise management and coordination can improve productivity,create big fortune and increase competitive advantages of capital invested. As market mechanism is called “the invisible hand”, Chandler called enterprise management and coordination "the visible hand".
II. Modern enterprise management
Modern factory management rooted in Springfield Arms Factory, which introduced check system and accounting to ensure more than 100 specialized workers to produce arms efficiently. The modern factory management does not equal to modern enterprise management, which came when railway and telegraph came into use. Companies in these two sectors hired professionals to coordinate, manage and evaluate many branches located in different places in the US. The capabilities of organization that come along with technology improvement help create social fortune.
III. Enterprise management in high-tech sectors
Chandler also studied the capabilities oforganization in high-tech sectors and concluded that the capabilities of organization in technology, function and management make difference for high-tech companies. Recently metaverse has become hot worldwide. Metaverse can be seen as social organization evolves with technology combining real and virtual world together.
IV. Metaverse
Every new technology would make the world change profoundly, which can not be foreseen at the beginning. With internet giants such as Meta and Microsoft and technology pioneer like Nvidia devoting into metaverse, we might soon see the big change at work and in our daily life.
V. Stocks rose
Both A-share and HK stocks rose. Food and beverage sector led the rally boosted by the news of various product price increase.The Bank of England maintained interest rate at the current low level. The US stocks rose for six days in a row. OPEC maintained current output plan and oil prices rose.
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